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Town Hall Meeting With Our Respective Listeners

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                                                               Arewa Radio 93.1 Kano.

 

file 1: Community sanitation 

file 2: a cow given to prison inmates

file 3: borehole undergoing maitenance

file 4: cash and certcertificate presentation for youth empowerment

NYSC POP at NYSC Permanent Orientation Camp, Magaji Dan Yamusa, Keffi, Nasarawa State

The NYSC scheme was created in a bid to reconstruct, reconcile and rebuild the country after the Nigerian Civil war. The unfortunate antecedents in our national history gave impetus to the establishment of the National Youth Service Corps by decree No.24 of 22nd May 1973 which stated that the NYSC is being established "with a view to the proper encouragement and development of common ties among the youths of Nigeria and the promotion of national unity". As a developing country. Nigeria is further plagued by the problems attendant upon a condition of under development, namely; poverty. mass illiteracy, acute shortage of high skilled manpower (coupled with most uneven distribution of the skilled people that are available), woefully inadequate socioeconomic infrastructural facilities, housing. Water and sewage facilities, road, healthcare services, and effective communication system. . Faced with these almost intractable problems, which were further compounded by the burden of reconstruction after the civil war, the government and people of Nigeria set for the country, fresh goals, and objectives aimed at establishing Nigeria as: A united, strong and selfreliant nation a great and dynamic economy a land of bright and full opportunities for all citizens The government and people of Nigeria are not aware that sound and patriotic leadership is a precondition for the rapid social and economic development of the country. As a nation, Nigeria has been less fortunate in the kind of leadership that emerge to govern the affairs of the country in the period immediately after independence, a leadership whose achievements notwithstanding, was none the less ill-prepared. and generally not properly motivated to tackle the problems of socioeconomic under development, in the interest of the country as a whole. There is no gain saying the fact that the future of any country depends on the youths. The youths of Nigeria acknowledge this fact, and have consistently laid claim to the nation's leadership. While one may give credence to the saying that leaders are born, not made, one must also concede to the fact that leadership in a modem society requires a certain degree of preparation and orientation before the assumption of that role. The universities and other institutions of higher learning are normally expected to be training ground for future leaders, except that, as we are all aware, these institutions are first and foremost committed to the advancement of learning and knowledge, training of people for good citizenship. Little wonder that the products of these institutions have been accused of being too elitist in their outlook, of not identifying with the plight of common man, and of inability to appreciate predicament of the vast majority of our people who live in the rural areas. It was the need to look beyond the immediate present and to think of the future leadership of the country that necessitated the mobilisation of certain categories of our youths through the National Youth Service Corps Scheme. This was done with a view to giving them the proper guidance and orientation relevant to the needs of the country. The National Youth Setvice Corps Decree No. 24 which has now been repealed and replaced by Decree 51 of 16th June 1993, was then formally promulgated. The purpose of the scheme is primarily to inculcate in Nigerian Youths the spirit of selfless service to the community, and to emphasize the spirit of oneness and brotherhood of all Nigerians, irrespective of cultural or social background. The history of our country since independence has clearly indicated the need for unity amongst all our people, and demonstrated the fact that no cultural or geographical entity can exist in isolation.  visit  http://www.nysc.gov.ng for more on NYSC

The Nigerian Youth And The Challenges Of Development

By Umekachikelu Franklin Chukwuebuka

INTRODUCTION

The problem of over- population in African has registered its effects in almost every aspect of human life and endeavour. Indeed, throughout the world, lots of youths migrate from the rural areas to big cities either because they have chosen such a way of life, or because the constraints of the environmental structures have left them with no other choice. In search for a "greener pasture" therefore, most are entrapped within the circle of the famous 'area boys' or agberos as it is popularly called in some cities; and often times, they may drop out of school, since they believe that school may not be helpful to them. Their usual place of refuge is the street; hence they may be referred to in some areas as "street boys". A closer glance at our streets x-rays a considerable presence of these youths who, because they are deprived of parental care and guidance, may take to some unexpected behaviours or characters. The plights of these youths are worsened in that they are submerged in a milieu of general underdevelopment. In view of this Izibili and Enegho have observed that: ' It is no longer news that Africa is plagued with so many problems such as bad leadership, the absence of many basic social amenities of life such as good roads, health care services, pipe borne water, qualitative education, good communication services and even the absence of peace and development due to ethnic/tribal and religious conflicts, etc, leading to underdevelopment
DEVELOPMENT AND THE NIGERIAN YOUTH Izibili and Enegho are of the view that development is the ability of people to live in modern or civilized world, by getting access to some basic necessary facilities or necessities like having good roads, qualitative health care service/education, good pipe borne water, even to the extent of having plenty of food. Some scholars also explain that it implies equal distribution of goods and services, and Dudly Seers, placed emphasis on equality as well as growth. He maintained the position that asking the question: what has been happening to equality? Among others, can help us better assess the state of development. Thus development must encompass social justice. The adopted National Youth Policy states “youths comprises of all young per¬sons of ages eighteen to thirty-five, who are citizens of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Youths are one of the greatest assets that any nation can have” As the future, and the pillars on which a nation would eventually rest, the youths possess a place of importance in the structure of a nation. Consequently the most developmental effort that any country therefore can present to itself is the conscious investments in the furtherance of the states of her youths. Contrarily, what is mostly obtainable in several African states with particular reference to Nigeria is the presence of youths who are grossly dejected, rejected, in a state of acute lack, deprived, unemployed and above all, underdeveloped. This has placed many youths in vulnerable positions: they are the pawns of the gimmickry of fraudulent politicians who employ them as tools to achieve their greedy aims; and as a means to survival, many have taken to car-washing, thuggery, petty-trading, money- begging, bus-driving, pocket-picking and prostitution. The situation is worsened when one realizes that the youths are submerged in the web of underdevelopment that pervades most to the African continent. Hence, "a careful study of African State has revealed that her problem, though numerous, chief among them is that of development" .
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN YOUTHS Investigations and various specialized studies tend to emphasize the following factors as contributing to the problem namely: lack of adequate educational formation, the home (unsatisfactory parental affection), economic condition, political instability, and youth's vulnerability to choose between what is morally good and evil. Many have justifiably argued that the seed of today's underdevelopment in Nigeria was sown some decades ago, when General Yakubu Gowon, a one time President of the Federation, thought he was trying to be kind to the nation, when his government heartlessly and impolitely seized and took over schools belonging to the missionaries. Due to this seizure, what do we see around the world of youths today? Indiscipline, moral decadence, social unrest, social vices and above all we have illiterates, who are not given qualitative education, and hence lack the rudiments required for developing both themselves and the community. Samuel Okorie writes that any society, which may in any way neglect the education of the youths, simply is building a large edifice on sandy soil, it will without doubt crumble at the end. In building a developed society tomorrow, we must begin by inculcating and caring for the youth of today. In building a crime free society, Africans and in essence Nigerians should focus more on education, because it is an urgent need capable of freeing her youths from ignorance and poverty. When some youths are deprived of one or both parents, they become more susceptible to underdevelopment than those living in homes with both parents: Also lack of positive description within the home, conflict between the parents or other disturbing interfamilial relationships, such as serious poverty, deprivation or illness may mar the general well being of the youths. Underdevelopment is fundamentally the result of society's failure to provide a decent life for most youths and to develop a sense of social responsibility in its citizen. As members of a society, the conditions of the youths are largely dependent on those of the society. Izibili and Enegho write thus: The most fundamental obstacle to development... of the crucial ingredients of social changes and human development in Africa are, social-political.... In addition, the economic bondage in which African nations have been placed over time is yet another force fighting against African developmental moves. This is true in the case of Nigeria, where the economic conditions have-made many youths to become street traders, hawkers, prostitutes, almajirai in the Northern parts of Nigeria and area boys in the south. More so, unbalanced political system could also be a factor where those in power today would not like to step down for the other man tomorrow. And we find a state whereby the rich begs to become richer and the poor becomes poorer daily without balanced employment. Hence our government offices today are most times occupied by dictators, monoliths and authoritarians. According to The World Book, it is not easy' to say just why certain youths become problematic and others grow-up and develop as so-called "sane" and "normal" individuals. Every case can be traced to a lack of adjustment between the youth and society. Youths belong to a particular society. His growth or "mal-development" depends chiefly on the two factors enumerated above: the society and himself. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NIGERIAN YOUTHS AND THE WAY FORWARD Although, youths are referred to as spoilers, political thugs and social deviants, they still have some rights and responsibilities, which are not always recognized by the society. Festus Alenkhe rightly puts it that the youths of the nation have lots of important and pivotal roles to play in ensuring the unity, development, progress and peace in the country. He enumerates some rights and responsibilities of the Nigerian youths to include: promotion and defence of democracy and civility in the governance of the country and interpersonal relations in fellow citizens; eschewing ethnic and religions bigotry; eschewing all acts of violence and crimes, such as cultism, armed robbery, street violence, alcoholism, substance abuse, prostitution; promotion of self-¬help, self-respectability, co-operation and community development; good ambassadors of Africa (Nigeria) both at home and abroad; a striving to be actively involved in decision making on matters that affect them (youths). This shows that we do not need to wait for non-Nigerians to help us develop our youths and society, we must make efforts within our little capacity to see how we could be helpful in creating an atmosphere free of struggles for power and insecurity in the lives of our African youths. At this juncture a vicious cycle is readily identified: on the one hand, the youths, as their rights and responsibilities, are called to eschew non-desirable elements in the society such as crimes and acts of violence. On the other hand, they are caught up in the web of such acts. A true representation of the situation therefore must affirm that to be responsible, the youths must be liberated from this vicious cycle; it is a fundamental right of theirs that this is not only achieved but also that they are offered means to better living conditions. This is a collective responsibility of all. After all, the “fact remains that for Africans to break from the chains of underdevelopment is the arduous responsibility of Africans themselves.”

CONCLUSIONWe must note with Izibili and Enegho that its now time for us to realize now that no outside forces would help us to develop our youths and the African continent. We must be aware of' the international encumbrances that our underdevelopments impose on us; how the powerful foreign nations hold us to ransom with their bait and traits, how the multi-nationals impose their values and exploit us. In this regard, Nigerians must realise that we need to be conscious of an African Aufklarung (Enlightenment) emanating from educational maturity in order to rise up to the road of authentic development . And in all, parents should note that the youths watch them with shocks and delights as they perform some actions. The time has come now for Nigerians to identify and realize their initial ideas, including the situation and historical background of their beingness and then with a general and unified agreement try to face the challenges placed before them, that is of development of the youth. Without any doubt the need has come for Nigerians to take a break and look back at their thought pattern, that is their values and try to implement this same ideas, it is not enough imitating the Western ideas.

Source: http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/guest-articles/the-nigerian-youth-and-the-challenges-of-development.html

+2348098130027

Design and Development of Barcode Generating System

Barcode History A brief summary of barcode history. Barcode history has its roots in the Great Depression. It has evolved from a punch card system, designed to speed the purchasing process, to the modern barcodes we see on every product imaginable. The original punch cards proved to be too expensive and the idea was abandoned by its inventor. More than a decade later the barcode as we know it took shape in its simplest form. The original or prototype system used ultraviolet ink but it had a propensity for fading and therefore not feasible; it was also fairly expensive and not economically viable. The basic idea for the barcode came from Morse code but the dots where extended into lines that alternated black and white in a parallel fashion, and this is still the case today. The original method of scanning the barcode to identify the product was accomplished through high wattage light bulbs, 500 watts to start with, and was used in conjunction with a film industry photomultiplier. This increased the intensity of the light and made the scanning easier for the time being. As more and more companies needed to cut costs and wanted a system for inventory, more technology needed to be invented to make the system feasible. As the barcode history progressed, more ideas and innovations were developed and implemented. The parallel lines we recognize as barcodes were not the only form of identification used in the development of barcodes. These are categorized as 2D barcodes or a matrix code. These complex codes were represented in patterns of dots, circles, and a variety and blending of geometric shapes. The complexity of the shapes allows this system to contain more data in a code, but wasn't used nearly as much as linear barcodes or 1D barcodes. These kinds of barcodes can be found in cellular phone applications such as encoding URLs and images, as well as purchased ticket information for movies and sporting events on a cellular phone. It wasn't until the 1960s that barcodes were scanned with a laser, a helium neon laser to be exact. At first only a single laser was used to scan the barcode but soon the addition of other lasers at separate angles were added to make the process more efficient and easier to use. The laser interprets the width of the black lines; each number has its own specific width. The white spaces tell the laser were one number ends and the next begins. Any string of numbers in any order or length can be scanned against a database of information to account for inventory, sales and purchases. Today we use a standardized 11 digit code that identifies any unique product. This code is referred to as the UPC, or Universal Product Code. This was put into practice in 1973 as a test by the Kroger Corporation and it used a system of "bull's eye" patterns instead of the parallel line patterns we are used to. The system proved unusable as the printed codes were often smeared and could not be read. One year later the IBM system of barcode lines was adopted and the modern barcode history was born. These barcodes are now used for absolutely everything we purchase from virtually any industry from new cars to new computers - and from baseball tickets to surfing the web with our cellular phones and PDAs. There are few parts of our lives that are not touched by a barcode; they have become an integral part of our everyday lives. (customerservice@barcodesinc.com) Barcode Technology A short description on how barcode technology works. Barcode technology works of off a principle called symbology. Symbology at its basic form is what defines the barcode; it determines the mapping and interpretation of the encoded information or data. This encoding allows the scanning device to know when a digit or character starts and when it stops, similar to a binary representation. We recognize barcodes as an array of parallel lines alternating between white and black lines. Barcode technology provides a simple and inexpensive method of recording data or information in a number of applications. The symbologies of the barcode technology can be arranged or mapped in a variety of ways. A continuous symbology is marked by the characters beginning with a black line and ending with a white line or space, while discreet symbologies have characters encoded as a black line a space and then another black line. This takes care of the characters and how each individual number or letter is read. The lines of a barcode also have variances in encoding the widths of the lines. Some barcode technology systems use two separate widths to determine the character while others use multiple width lines. The use of any of these encoding styles depends, of course, on the application for which the barcode technology is being used. The line or linear barcode technology is sometimes referred to as 1D encoding. While we are most familiar with these barcodes, there are more complex codes that employ the use of dot matrixes to achieve a more complex encoding process that can store and identify far more information. These are referred to as 2D or, in some cases dataglyphs. They are comprised of miniature dots, like the old dot matrix printers, which create patterns that are read in the scanning process. They are not limited to this format and can be comprised of circular patterns or a collection of shapes and modules inserted into a specified image for a user. In order to read the data of barcode technology it needs to be scanned by a laser and then interpreted. The scanners, or lasers, used to read the barcodes measures the light reflected form the linear barcode technology and can distinguish between the white and black lines. Calibration of the laser and system needs to be done to ensure the proper interpretation of the code itself. This has to do with whether it is a continuous or discreet symbology, 1D or 2D images, and whether it uses two width or multiple width lines. The most common lasers used are helium neon lasers due to their low energy consumption and efficiency. The complex or 2D barcodes can not be read by a simple laser as the linear barcode technology can. The barcode needs an all encompassing reader as the full image needs to be read. Linear barcode technology only needs to be swept across to read it as the lines are the same regardless of the position of the laser. 2D codes must be read or scanned by an image based scanner, similar to the scanners used at home or in offices to scan documents and images. They are more costly but supply more information and data. These are used in encoding URLs for cellular phone use and higher end applications. Types of Barcodes Various types of barcodes exist that are useful for the storage of important and useful data. Barcodes are useful in identifying an item or a product with a series of lines, spacing, numbers, images, or data arranged in a way that can be easily read by a mobile computer or barcode scanner that has been specially designed to read different types of barcodes. Where barcodes where once mainly a series of lines containing different widths, lengths, numerals, and spacing, many different styles and types of barcodes exist today. Barcodes can be designed in different ways with the most popular being either linear or two-dimensional (2D), the latter of which includes stacked barcodes. The Universal Product Code or UPC is an example of a linear barcode. Among the first types of barcode technology created, the UPC contains only numerals, spaces, and bars, all of which can be used to represent important inventory and pricing information about the item it is affixed to. Other examples of linear technology include the Plessey barcode, used primarily for marking retail inventory and for library books; the Pharmacode, useful for packing control in the pharmaceutical industry; and the European Article Numbering - Uniform Code Council (EAN - UCC), used largely in worldwide retail and electronic sales. The United States Post Office also uses a series of linearcodes such as the POSTNET code, which is useful in mail sorting as the data it contains helps to identify where mail is to be routed. Examples of two-dimensional or 2D types of barcodes include mathematical types such as the Aztec Code and EZ Code used in select mobile phone technologies. Data is encoded as a matrix in two dimensions on the barcode. This means that more data can fit in a small, two-dimensional space whereas with linear technology, the area for lines, numerals, and spaces must be made longer or wider in order to accommodate more data. A 2D code can look like a series of both horizontal and vertical dimensions, which is much different from a linear variety identified with the naked eye simply as a series of lines, spaces, and numerals. Stacked bar codes are another example of the 2D variety and are very similar to matrix codes, with the exception being that they are stacked or layered on top of another code. Whether stacked or a matrix, 2D codes are recognizable to the naked eye as a series of dots with a target or a bulls-eye that can be seen upon careful inspection. While a 2D variety, like most other barcodes, requires special technology to read the data it contains, the difference between a linear and a 2D type is easy to recognize upon sight. While bar code technology appears on practically every item purchased or cataloged on a store's shelf, the data that they individually contain varies. Different types of codes can be specially created or tailored for specific industries or businesses. Anyone interested in buying one for business use is advised to study what their current industry standard is and become educated on the different types of barcodes that exist, as well as how much data they can contain before deciding upon which style to use. Barcode Scanner We can help you find a scanner for use on any barcode symbology in any environment. BarcodesInc carries all types of barcode scanners: Laser, area imager, handheld, wand, counter-top, in-counter, industrial, USB, PS2 keyboard wedge, serial (RS232), cordless, wireless RF, WiFi 802.11b, raster, CCD, and more! Wireless Barcode Scanner Our handheld computers and portable data terminals function as multi-use tools for your advanced data capture and mobility needs. Choices include mobile computers with batch or wireless (802.11 b/g) data capture, Windows Mobile, Linux-based, or Palm OS operating systems, 1D/2D barcode scanning capabilities and more. Inventory Software We carry inventory software for control and tracking of warehouse or point of sale inventory. Bundle our software with barcode scanning hardware for a complete inventory management system solution. Download a free inventory software demo program for your computer. Barcode Printer Direct thermal and thermal transfer barcode printers from Zebra, Datamax, SATO, Intermec and more. Suitable for light or industrial printing needs. Barcode Label We carry a full line of direct thermal and thermal transfer barcode labels. We have 1000's of labels in-stock and available to ship today. Use our label selector or custom label quote request form to find labels that suit your needs. Wish you all the Best, Bashir Sarki Abdulqadir, +2348069130027, +2348098130027 Kano, Nigeria.

MICROSOFT WORD SHORTCUT KEYS

MICROSOFT WORD SHORTCUT KEYS

SHORTCUT KEYS DESCRIPTION
Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page
Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
Ctrl + C Copy selected text
Ctrl + D Font Dialog Box
Ctrl + E Aligns the selected text to the centre of the screen
Ctrl + F Find the selected text
Ctrl + G Go to i.e. page, section, foot est.
Ctrl + H Replace selected text
Ctrl + I Italic highlighted selection i.e. Hassansag
Ctrl + J Justify (Align text to both the left and right margins)
Ctrl + K Insert Hyperlink
Ctrl + L Aligns selected text to the left of the screen
Ctrl + M Shifting alignment buttons
Ctrl + N Open New blank Ms Word Document
Ctrl + O Open saved document
Ctrl + P Open Print window
Ctrl + Q Enlarges Row size
Ctrl + R Aligns the selected text to the right of the screen
Ctrl + S Save
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
Ctrl + V Paste, copied text
Ctrl + W Disappear the screen
Ctrl + X Cut selected text
Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed
Ctrl + Z Undo last action
Ctrl + Shift + D Double underline
Ctrl + Shift + K Small Caps
Ctrl + Shift + A All Caps
Ctrl + = Subscript
Ctrl + Shift + + Superscript
Ctrl + Esc Display the start Menu
Ctrl + spacebar Reset highlighted text to the default font
Ctrl + 1 Single space line
Ctrl + 2 Double space line
Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing
Ctrl + Moves to the end of the paragraph
Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1pts
Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1pts
Ctrl + Shift + < Decrease selected font -1pts up to -12pts
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase selected text from +1pts up to +12pts
Ctrl + Backspace Delete word to the left of cursor
Ctrl + Del Delete word to the right of cursor
Ctrl + End Moves the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl + Home Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document
Ctrl + F4 Close the active window
Ctrl + F2 Display the print preview
Shift + F12 Save
Shift + F7 Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted
Shift + F3 Change the text from upper to lower case and vice versa or capital letter on the beginning of every word
Shift + < any arrow> Select text in the window
Shift + Delete Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the recycle bin
Alt + F4 Quitting a programme
Alt + Shift + D Insert the current Date
Alt + Shift + T Insert the current Time
F1 Open help
F5 Open the find, Replace and Go to window in Ms Word
F7 Spell and grammar check selected text or document
F12 Save as
F10 Active Menu bar
ESC Cancel the current task or menu



Contributed by: - HASSAN SARKI A.G
KUST, WUDIL
KANO STATE
A G